Top 8 treasury management solutions

This article is written by our partner, FIS

Key takeaways

• Recent events illustrate that receivables finance remains vulnerable to fraud risks, such as invoice fabrication and double pledging, particularly when relying on manual processes and weak governance.
• Advanced technology mitigates risk through real-time data integration, automated anomaly detection and shadow ledgers, reducing reliance on manual reporting and creating a single source of truth.
• The most resilient frameworks combine digital efficiency with human oversight, ensuring automated alerts are reviewed by experienced professionals who understand the nuances of complex transactions.

Receivables finance (RF) has long been a cornerstone of corporate finance, enabling businesses to convert outstanding invoices into immediate liquidity. By selling their receivables to a funder, companies may access cost-effective funding and reduce risk, while investors may gain exposure to short-duration, diversified assets at a competitive return.

However, as recent events surrounding First Brands Group illustrate, this structure remains vulnerable to risks beyond credit, such as fraud. These vulnerabilities highlight the need for greater scrutiny and the adoption of new technologies.

How does fraud occur in RF transactions?

Fraud in RF transactions typically manifests through misrepresentation of receivables quality, double pledging of assets and fabrication of invoices. These risks arise because RF relies heavily on the integrity of the originator’s reporting and servicing processes. If invoices are falsified or pledged to multiple financiers, the asset base becomes compromised, exposing investors and lenders to significant losses.

The First Brands case underscores these vulnerabilities. The U.S. auto parts supplier, which filed for Chapter 11 reorganization in September 2025, allegedly engaged in widespread financial misconduct, including doctoring invoices and double-counting receivables to secure billions of dollars in financing.

What makes RF vulnerable to fraud?

Several market features of RF contribute to fraud risk:

1. Information asymmetry: Investors and lenders may rely on originator-provided data without analyzing historical data and internal credit and operational processes.
2. Servicer dependence: Given the usually heavy operational workload, originators may continue servicing receivables post-sale, creating opportunities for manipulation if internal controls are weak.
3. Origination through fintech platforms: Many funders want access to this space, interested in the return relative to the short-term nature of the asset. However, by delegating the responsibility of originating and structuring, they may not receive detailed transaction information – exposing them to risk, given that such platforms do not normally have skin in the game.

These factors can make RF particularly vulnerable when governance fails or liquidity pressures incentivize aggressive accounting.

How can technology help detect fraud in RF?

The First Brands saga has accelerated calls for digital transformation in RF oversight. Advanced technology and reporting platforms can reduce fraud risk through:

1. Real-time data integration and monitoring: Cloud-based platforms enable continuous monitoring of receivables performance across geographies. By aggregating item-level data from ERP systems and payment gateways, these solutions can provide a single source of truth, reducing reliance on manual reporting.
2. Elimination of manual processes: When files are provided manually, there is no barrier to manipulating the asset file while moving from ERP to funder. With an automated solution, a fraudulent actor would have to manipulate the ERP on a recurrent basis, as opposed to changing a simple spreadsheet.
3. Creation of a shadow ledger: An automated reporting tool can monitor each invoice in a relevant pool of assets. If properly implemented, a funder can track asset performance across the entire range of seller entities and ERPs. This helps to detect unusual performance patterns such as reappearing invoices, duplicates, or amount and due date changes.
4. Automated checks and anomaly detection: Certain advanced digital tools now enable continuous scrutiny of receivables portfolios, automatically flagging inconsistencies such as atypical aging profiles and deviations from established dilution trends. By utilizing such technology, funders and investors can be better equipped to identify and address potential risks before they escalate.
5. Transparent and detailed reporting frameworks: Industry initiatives promoting simple, transparent and standardized structures, coupled with automated waterfall calculations and trigger monitoring, may enhance investor confidence and regulatory compliance. This can be absent when investing through fintech platforms where information provided by the corporate is shared in an aggregated format with limited scrutiny.

What will shape the future of RF?

The collapse of First Brands is a cautionary tale for all stakeholders in the RF ecosystem. While RF remains a powerful liquidity tool, its resilience depends on effective governance and technological safeguards. Platforms that deliver real-time transparency, automated controls and immutable records are no longer optional: They are essential to maintaining trust and confidence in this asset.

In essence, resilient frameworks are often built on digital efficiency and the irreplaceable insight of experienced practitioners.

As institutional investors continue to seek exposure to trade finance assets and corporates aim to unlock working capital, the combination of advanced technology and human expertise within complex RF structures will help to shape the market’s future.

While digitalization may stand as the frontline defense against fraud, it’s equally vital to maintain effective human oversight by having seasoned professionals conduct independent reviews and engage in regular dialog with originators and funders.

This interplay between technological innovation and expert judgment helps ensure that not only are anomalies flagged automatically, but also the nuances of complex transactions are properly understood and addressed. In essence, resilient frameworks are often built on digital efficiency and the irreplaceable insight of experienced practitioners.

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This article is written by Nomentia

Why are manual treasury processes expensive?

Manual treasury processes become expensive because they require recurring effort to collect balances, prepare payment files, update forecasts, check approvals, and reconcile data. Even when each task seems manageable, the combined impact can reduce efficiency, slow down decision-making, and increase operational risk.

Treasury teams are used to making imperfect systems work.

A spreadsheet here. A bank portal there. A local ERP export from one entity, a payment file from another, and a cash forecast that still depends on email updates from the business. None of these workarounds may look dramatic on their own. In many organisations, they are even seen as normal.

The problem is that “normal” can become expensive.

Manual treasury operations rarely create one large, visible cost line. Instead, they create a pattern of hidden costs: time spent collecting data, delays in decision-making, duplicated effort, payment exceptions, outdated forecasts, missed visibility, and control gaps that only become urgent when something goes wrong.

That is why treasury automation ROI should not only be discussed as a technology question. It is also an operating model question. How much time does treasury spend managing the process instead of managing cash, liquidity, payments, and risk?

Why manual treasury work is difficult to measure

The cost of manual work is often underestimated because it is distributed across people, entities, systems, and routines.

A treasury analyst may spend hours preparing a daily cash position. A regional finance team may manually upload payment files. Another person may validate bank data, check approvals, update forecasts, or investigate why one bank statement does not match the expected format.

Each task may be manageable. Combined, they create a significant operational burden.

This is also why many teams struggle to build a cash forecasting business case. The value of better forecasting is not limited to “faster reporting”. It is the value of better decisions: knowing earlier where liquidity is needed, reducing dependency on outdated data, improving confidence in funding decisions, and giving leadership a clearer view of what may happen next.

External research points in the same direction. PwC’s 2025 Global Treasury Survey notes that treasury teams are under pressure to improve cash visibility, cost efficiency, and risk management, while leading organisations increasingly adopt real-time liquidity tools, AI-enhanced forecasting, and centralised payment models. HSBC also highlights that cash flow forecasting has remained a key treasury priority, reflecting the need for precise and timely forecasts in a volatile environment.

In other words, manual treasury processes are not only inefficient. They can slow down the organisation’s ability to respond.

The cost of fragmented cash visibility

Cash visibility is one of the clearest examples of hidden treasury cost.

When balances are collected manually across banks, accounts, currencies, and entities, treasury may technically have the data, but not necessarily in time to act on it. The team may know yesterday’s position, but not today’s. It may have a consolidated view, but only after several people have updated files, checked bank portals, and reconciled different formats.

That delay matters.

Without timely visibility, companies may keep too much cash idle in one place while borrowing elsewhere. They may struggle to identify trapped cash. They may make liquidity decisions based on incomplete information. They may also spend valuable time explaining numbers instead of improving them.

Nomentia positions its Smart Treasury Suite around visibility, control, and predictability across payments, cash, liquidity, and risk, integrating with ERPs, banks, and other systems. For companies operating across multiple banks and entities, that integration layer is not just technical infrastructure. It is the foundation for turning fragmented data into usable treasury insight.

The cost of manual payments

Payments are another area where manual processes can appear cheaper than they really are.

At first glance, uploading files through bank portals or managing payments across local workflows may seem acceptable. The team knows the process. The banks are connected somehow. Payments are executed. Work continues.

But payment operations carry a high cost when they depend on scattered portals, inconsistent approvals, manual file handling, and local exceptions.

The hidden costs include time spent preparing and checking payment files, resolving format issues, validating approvals, tracking payment statuses, and answering questions from subsidiaries, AP teams, banks, and auditors. More importantly, weak payment control can increase exposure to duplicate payments, missed cut-offs, fraud attempts, and compliance issues.

This is where payment automation benefits become easier to explain. Automation is not only about faster payment execution. It is about standardising the process, improving traceability, reducing manual intervention, and making payment control easier to prove.

The cost of unreliable forecasting

Forecasting is often where manual treasury processes become most visible to leadership.

The CFO does not necessarily see how many files were collected, how many emails were sent, or how many adjustments treasury made before the forecast was ready. But the CFO does see when the forecast is late, when confidence is low, or when the numbers change without a clear explanation.

A manual cash forecast can still be useful. Many experienced treasury teams are excellent at working around incomplete data. But as the business grows, expands into new markets, adds banks, or inherits systems through acquisitions, the limits become harder to ignore.

Forecasting depends on data quality, timing, ownership, and repeatability. If treasury spends too much time gathering inputs, it has less time to analyse drivers, challenge assumptions, and model scenarios. A forecast that takes days to prepare may already be outdated when it reaches decision-makers.

This is why the business case for treasury automation should include both time savings and decision quality. Faster data collection is valuable. But the larger value often comes from giving treasury more time to interpret what the numbers mean.

The cost of controls that rely on people remembering the process

Manual controls are often built around expertise. The team knows which approvals are needed, which files need checking, which bank deadlines matter, and which exceptions require escalation.

That works until complexity increases.

As more entities, banks, users, and payment types are added, control becomes harder to manage consistently. Processes may differ across countries. Approval rules sit outside the system. Audit trails may require manual reconstruction. Exceptions depend on individual knowledge rather than embedded workflows.

In a stable environment, this may go unnoticed. During growth, restructuring, audit, staff changes, or periods of financial pressure, it becomes a risk.

The Nomentia Treasury Trends Report 2026 describes treasury teams facing pressure to deliver real-time insights, stronger controls, and more strategic input, often while dealing with fragmented systems and limited IT support. The report is based on 384 treasury and finance leaders across the Nordics, DACH, Benelux, and the UK.

That is the reality many treasury teams recognise: expectations are rising faster than operational capacity.

How to think about treasury automation ROI

A strong treasury automation ROI discussion should not begin with software features. It should begin with operational impact.

• Where is treasury losing time today?
• Which manual tasks are repeated every day, week, or month?
• Where do payment processes create avoidable risk?
• How much effort goes into collecting and validating data?
• Which decisions are delayed because cash visibility or forecasts are not ready?

From there, TMS cost savings become easier to frame. The value may come from fewer manual hours, lower operational risk, more efficient payment execution, improved cash visibility, reduced dependency on spreadsheets, or stronger audit readiness.

The most useful business case is not a generic promise that automation saves money. It is a structured estimate of where the organisation currently loses time and where better treasury processes could create measurable improvement.

Also Read

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• Insights from the Nomentia Treasury Summit 2024: Navigating the dynamics of modern treasury management
• Starting a new job in Treasury: Best practices and expert advice
• How does physical cash pooling & target balancing work with a TMS?
• Implementing a Global Enterprise-scale Payment Hub: The Challenges and Business Impacts
• Treasury Technology Trends in 2024: How APIs, AI, and RPA Change the Treasury Landscape?
• A deep dive: Simplifying guarantee management for treasury & finance

Join our Treasury Community

Treasury Masterminds is a community of professionals working in treasury management or those interested in learning more about various topics related to treasury management, including cash management, foreign exchange management, and payments. To register and connect with Treasury professionals, click the button below.

This article is written by Cobase

For an industry built on numbers, banking has always struggled with something more basic: speaking the same language.

Ask any treasury team trying to connect to banks globally and you’ll hear a familiar frustration. The expectation is simple – money is digital, banks are global, so connectivity should be straightforward. In reality, it rarely is. What looks like a plumbing issue is something deeper: a system that was never designed to be unified in the first place.

Modern banking didn’t emerge as a coordinated network. It grew in fragments. National systems were built to serve domestic economies, shaped by local regulation, infrastructure, and political priorities. Payment schemes evolved independently. Messaging formats were defined in isolation. Even basic concepts like how to confirm a payment or report a balance took different forms depending on where you looked.

The result is not just variation, but incompatibility.

SWIFT is often held up as the closest thing to a global standard. And in one sense, it is. It created a common messaging layer that banks across the world could use. But it never standardised what happens after the message is sent. Two banks can receive the same SWIFT instruction and process it in entirely different ways – different cut-off times, different validations, different interpretations.

This is where the idea of “bank connectivity” begins to unravel. The challenge is not just reaching a bank, but dealing with how each bank behaves once you do.

Over the years, the industry has made repeated attempts to smooth this out. None have fully succeeded. Not because the technology wasn’t good enough, but because the incentives never aligned. Banks compete. Regulators don’t coordinate globally. And legacy systems – often decades old – continue to run critical infrastructure that no one is willing to replace lightly.

The expectation of a unified system persists. But it’s built on a false premise.

Banking isn’t fragmented because something went wrong. It’s fragmented because that’s how it was built.

The API promise, and its limits

Few ideas in banking have generated as much optimism in recent years as APIs.

They arrived with the promise of simplicity. Clean, modern interfaces. Real-time data. Standardised access. Compared to the heavy, file-based integrations of the past, APIs looked like a reset moment, a chance to finally make bank connectivity behave like the rest of the digital world.

And in some ways, they delivered.

Large banks began exposing endpoints for payments and reporting. Developers could interact with bank systems without navigating layers of legacy protocols. In controlled environments, things worked exactly as advertised.

But step outside those environments, and the picture changes.

APIs in banking are not a single standard. They are dozens, sometimes hundreds, of individual implementations. Each bank defines its own structure, its own authentication methods, its own limits. Even when two banks claim to follow the same framework, the differences show up quickly – in edge cases, in error handling, in performance under load.

The regulatory push behind open banking added momentum, but also confusion. PSD2 created a baseline, but it was never designed for corporate treasury. It focused on retail use cases, with limited scope for bulk payments, complex approval flows, or multi-entity structures. For large organisations, it solved a small part of a much bigger problem.

Meanwhile, neo-banks and aggregators entered the picture, offering simplified access and faster onboarding. They improved the experience at the edges, particularly for account opening and basic transactions. But they didn’t remove the need to engage with traditional banks. In many cases, they simply added another layer to manage.

The result is a familiar pattern in financial infrastructure. New technology doesn’t replace the old – it accumulates around it.

APIs didn’t eliminate fragmentation. They made it more dynamic.

Inside the hidden work of making banks “just work”

From the outside, bank connectivity looks deceptively simple. Payments go out, balances come in, and everything appears to move through a single system.

What’s less visible is the machinery underneath.

For companies operating across multiple countries, connectivity is not one connection, it’s dozens. Each bank brings its own requirements. File formats differ. Security models vary. Some require certificates, others tokens. One bank processes payments in batches, another in real time. Cut-off times shift by region, sometimes by product.

Even within the same bank, behaviour can change depending on the channel used. An API might support one set of payment types, while host-to-host supports another. Documentation doesn’t always reflect reality. Test environments behave differently from production. Exceptions are handled inconsistently.

None of this is unusual. It’s the normal state of the system.

This is why, despite all the talk of innovation, older methods remain firmly in place. Host-to-host connectivity – direct, file-based integration – continues to handle a large share of corporate payments. It’s not elegant, but it’s predictable. It does what it’s supposed to do, at scale, without surprises.

In certain markets, local standards dominate. EBICS, for example, is deeply embedded in parts of Europe. It works not because it’s globally relevant, but because it reflects the specific needs of those markets. In those contexts, it often outperforms more “modern” approaches simply by being consistent.

And then there’s SWIFT, still acting as the global fallback. When no direct connection is available, SWIFT is usually there. Not perfect, not always efficient, but broadly accepted.

Put all of this together, and a pattern emerges. There is no single best way to connect to banks. There is only a set of trade-offs.

The real work is not choosing one method, but managing all of them at once, and making them behave as if they were one.

That work increasingly sits in a layer most corporates never set out to build, but inevitably do: an orchestration layer that absorbs differences between banks, channels, and formats, and presents something coherent on top.

This is where platforms like Cobase operate.

Rather than trying to standardise banks themselves, Cobase standardises the interaction with them. It connects across SWIFT, EBICS, APIs, and host-to-host channels, translating between formats, normalising data, and embedding bank-specific behaviour into a central system. A payment instruction created once can be converted automatically into whatever each bank requires. Data coming back – balances, statuses, confirmations – is aligned into a consistent structure.

The complexity doesn’t disappear. It is relocated.

Instead of sitting in day-to-day treasury operations spread across teams, spreadsheets, and manual fixes, it is contained within a controlled layer designed to handle it.

Because in the end, the hardest part of bank connectivity is not building connections.

It’s making them invisible.

Also Read

• Perfecting the art of Bank Connectivity
• Treasury is where risk meets opportunity: Vincent’s perspective
• Cash visibility starts with the treasurer, not the system: Julia’s perspective
• Humans of Treasury: Earning credibility early in treasury: Ed’s perspective
• Humans of Treasury: Treasury isn’t just systems and numbers. It’s people.
• Verification of Payee – The Reality: Not Everyone is Ready
• Future-proofing your Financial System: Ensuring Scalability and Adaptability

Join our Treasury Community

Treasury Masterminds is a community of professionals working in treasury management or those interested in learning more about various topics related to treasury management, including cash management, foreign exchange management, and payments. To register and connect with Treasury professionals, click the button below.