Treasury for Non-Treasurers: Sophistication in Solvency Management (Part II-Strategic Function)

Welcome back.

In the first part of this article, we explored solvency management within operational treasuries. As a quick reminder, solvency management—keeping an organisation solvent for as long as possible—is a treasury’s primary duty. In this second part, we’ll focus on strategic solvency management, the level most valuable and of interest to non-treasurers.

Figure 1 – Solvency Optimisation

To stay consistent, please imagine once again that you are a key decision-maker at Acme Manufacturing Corporation, a company with a multi-billion-dollar turnover, aiming to establish a value-adding treasury to keep the company solvent through changing business circumstances and as profitable as possible.

You’ve already assessed the operational treasury options:

  1. Basic treasury: This is not a standalone function but a daily activity of payments, receipts, funding, and investments managed by the accounting department (daily cash management). You quickly ruled this option out.
  2. Control-oriented treasury: Here, the treasury handles liquidity (financing and investments under one year) and daily cash management.

A control-oriented treasury might be suitable if your organisation’s context allows only minimal change for now or has a limited openness to delegated financial management. But, for now, let’s assume that conditions favour a more strategic approach. Suppose management and key stakeholders are ready for change and willing to invest in a treasury that not only ensures solvency in a crisis but also generates profit under regular circumstances—much like Amazon Web Services does for Amazon in IT.

With support for innovation in place, you decide it’s time to learn more about strategic treasuries and, most of all, about strategic solvency management.


Strategic solvency management: Financing optimisation and value-chain financing

From the last article: “The six levels of solvency management sophistication are:

  1. Cash management
  2. Liquidity management
  3. [New] Skills development and application
  4. Working capital management
  5. Financing optimisation
  6. Value-chain financing”

The strategic levels are “Financing Optimisation” and “Value-Chain Financing”.

These two levels are similar and related. Both have reached levels where the organisation can be confident the company will not become insolvent during ordinary and, as far as possible, in extraordinary times. Both prove their worth daily by showing management that their capabilities – those needed to handle a crisis – are strong enough that they produce a profit during other times.

The difference between the two is in focus:

‘Financing Optimisation’ level treasuries provide value-adding financing (and associated investments) to the organisation’s internal functions, such as sales and procurement, so that they can deliver the organisation’s products and funding in one integrated offering to customers and suppliers (Cisco Capital, Tesla Financing).

‘Value-chain financing’ level treasuries do so directly with external counterparties, for example, equipment financing functions where the financing arm often finances equipment from competitors and other manufacturers in addition to their own (Caterpillar Financial Services, Siemens Financial Services).

A ‘value-chain financing’ treasury is a separate line of business that includes a ‘financing-optimisation’ level treasury within it and has, in addition, an externally-facing salesforce and other departments needed by the function to operate standalone.


Benefits of strategic solvency management

The benefits of a strategic approach to solvency management are far beyond what operational treasuries offer.

Beneficiaries

Many non-treasury departments can become more effective by hiring skilled treasury professionals and putting them in a well-structured, controlled treasury environment. These include:

  • Sales
  • Procurement
  • Mergers and acquisitions (M&A)
  • Project financing
  • Corporate finance
  • HR (employee benefits)
  • Tax

And potentially more. All at the same time. For these levels of treasury function, it doesn’t matter which internal departments or external parties need what. If it’s related to cash flows and their associated implications, it’s what strategic treasuries know about and manage. It’s their bread and butter.

Of course, these treasury functions must do more than receive requests passively and process them mindlessly. As strategic partners, they must understand the details of these requests and provide their customers with insights into potential consequences such as unforeseen costs, uncovered risks and missed opportunities.

Benefits

A strategic solvency-focused treasury provides departments with the following advantages:

  • A range of financing options, including equity and debt, as well as options for investments when there’s a cash surplus. But more significantly:
  • Flexibility, which can include choices on:
    • Currencies
    • Pricing
    • Payment and repayment schedules
    • Options to integrate financing into the organisation’s core offerings or keep it separate
    • Fixed pricing periods
    • Mid-contract adjustments
    • Pre-arranged terms for contract rollovers and extensions
    • Combinations of all of the above

In other words, the ability to tailor cashflows associated with offerings to whatever the client counterparties want.

Examples of flexibility in action

Imagine, for instance, that the sales team wants to offer a client financing to purchase expensive machinery. To compete effectively, they might want to keep the price unchanged while the client considers the offer. They might also like to provide flexible payment schedules or adapt to a custom payment plan asked for by the client. The more options treasury can offer, the more likely sales will win the deal.

Another example could be when treasury works alongside procurement to negotiate with suppliers where the relationship is vital, but the purchasing power is on the suppliers’ side. Treasury can support procurement in exploring options with the suppliers, such as paying them in their preferred currencies or including interim stage payments. Treasury can support procurement to maintain and even deepen these strategic business relationships.

Of course, sales and procurement could do this without treasury’s help. But they are not financial market experts. The risks of them getting it wrong, creating losses and harming their key relationships would be more likely.

Such flexibility is invaluable in dealings with external customers, suppliers, employees, and sometimes even tax authorities. Even though market conditions fluctuate and rates vary constantly, non-treasury functions can give their counterparts whatever financial certainty they desire. Naturally, there’s a cost associated with this flexibility. However, organisations typically charge a smaller uplift for financing that’s directly tied to their core business compared to third parties like banks.

Acme Manufacturing can do the same.


Associated costs and infrastructure

OK, fine, the benefits are substantial – What about the costs?

  • The experts aren’t cheap.
  • They need roles where they are empowered, or they won’t stay.
  • They need costly specialist equipment.
  • The managers of this sophisticated function must understand both treasury specialisms and the broader business environment. People with this combined expertise are scarce and, therefore, also expensive.
  • Flexibility and a dynamic environment require real-time controls. These can only be delivered effectively with more and better systems and personnel, adding yet more costs.

When factoring in cover for absences, staff turnover, handovers, and project needs, the scope and costs of a strategic treasury are substantial. Acme must approach this intricate treasury function’s structuring, implementation, management and ongoing support with great care if it is to succeed.


Organisational Structure

A sound organisational structure is vital to a strategic treasury’s stability, health and longevity. Non-treasurers need to understand the internal structures of these functions to see if they will be suitable long-term partners for them.

Figure II – Strategic Treasury Organisation Structures

Base components

Given the complexity and similarity to a bank’s needs, it’s not surprising that successful strategic treasuries adopt organisational structures similar to those in banks. Key roles within a strategic treasury include:

Figure III – Organisation Structures: Salespeople-Equivalents

Salespeople-Equivalents: These specialists liaise with internal and external clients. Their role is to understand clients’ needs, advocate for their interests within the treasury function, and translate their requirements into words other treasury colleagues understand.

Examples:

  1. Treasury Funding Specialists: These provide tailored financing from the central treasury to operating units, allowing them to extend competitive financing options to clients. Personal example: At IBM, we initially provided financing to leasing functions in forms that suited treasury, letting their profits be at risk due to fluctuating interest rates. When we became more sophisticated, we improved our offering to them. Subsidiaries would share the cashflows they expected to receive from customers with us, and we would offer to buy them at their market value, leaving them with no financial risk. Periodically, we’d repeat the process to ensure we were always aligned. This change stabilised their profit margins. In addition, for more significant deals, they reached out to us for special terms that would give them an edge over competitors. This change was immediately well received.
  2. M&A Treasury Specialists: These are experts in financial due diligence and financing and risk management for mergers and acquisitions. They coordinate with the target company, advisors and banks to secure funding, manage risks, and integrate penalties or benefits if reality differs from expectations. These experts play a crucial role in minimising potential losses by proactively preparing for financial uncertainties.
Figure IV – Organisation Structures: Traders-Equivalents

Traders-Equivalents: These market specialists work directly with banks to meet solvency (financing and investment) and profit-support (risk management) needs.

Financial risks vary, and the costs of managing them differ significantly. Skilled traders know how to borrow strategically, spreading refinancing over time and among various lenders to minimise the likelihood of critical funding facilities being unavailable during a crisis. All at the best cost possible. They build strong relationships with the banks, aiming to get favourable terms and to create allies within those banks who will help them should financial troubles arise.

Note that unlike the ‘salespeople-equivalents’, these experts are the customers when dealing with banks, not providers. The relationship dynamics and negotiation skills required are very different.

Figure V – Organisation Structures: Middle- & Back-Office-Equivalents

Middle Office Personnel: These control-oriented staff review all transactions from ‘sales’ and ‘trading,’ checking that there are no mistakes or frauds. They confirm that all activities comply with management-approved policies. Sales and trading’s verbal agreements only become binding contractual obligations once they have carried out their checks.

While this function may sound new, it’s actually a variant of the control-oriented treasury we looked at before—only here, one that acts in real-time and on a larger number of transactions.

Back Office Personnel: After transactions are confirmed, these operational groups handle cash payments, record accounting entries, and complete bank reconciliations, tasks even a basic treasury carries out, although, again, faster and with more payments. And with extra refinements, usually.

In Figures II and V, what a bank might call the Middle and Back Offices is what we’ll refer to as the Operational Treasury. This Operational Treasury—comprising both control-oriented and basic treasury functions—now operates as a sub-function within the broader strategic treasury.

Figure VI – Organisation Structures: Other (Tactical) Specialists

Specialist roles

In addition to core roles, strategic treasuries also rely on other specialists. Specialists such as internal controllers, accountants, legal advisors, IT professionals, data scientists, project managers, general managers, or others, depending on the treasury’s activities. Large strategic treasuries may even have dedicated HR and procurement specialists, though these typically operate outside of treasury. Tax professionals can be in treasury or the main organisation. It depends on the organisation.

These specialists also appear in tactical treasuries; we’ll explore this aspect in more detail soon. For now, the primary distinction between specialists in tactical and strategic treasuries is scale: in tactical treasuries, there might only be one or two individuals per speciality, whereas strategic treasuries often have entire teams dedicated to these functions.

Geographic and timezone components

A noteworthy specialist role is that of the Regional or Country Treasury Centre Manager.

When an organisation has significant overseas operations in complex markets or different time zones, relying solely on a head-office treasury is impractical. A head office-only treasury will struggle to understand local requirements, navigate different environments, and respond quickly. In these cases, strategic treasuries often establish the same or many sub-functions outlined in Figure 2 within a region or country. An experienced manager, well-versed in the specific country or regional landscape, oversees these sub-functions and reports directly to the Organisation or Group Treasurer.

Bringing it all together – Drivers behind the organisational structure

Figure VII – Drivers of Organisation Structures

Two key aspects drive organisational structure: 1) How different people work individually, together and in groups, and 2) how to manage diverse groups for optimal results. A correctly structured treasury takes the pressure off the individuals and lets group dynamics do the hard work. Getting this right makes the function robust.

  • Optimal results: Role specialisation for clarity and efficiency Experts and specialists working with customers need to be client-oriented and adaptable. Those who work with suppliers (banks and other providers) must be partnership-oriented and collaborative. Operational staff must be process-oriented and precise, aiming for efficiency through standardisation. These are different outlooks, often at odds with each other. Research has shown that individuals and groups perform sub-optimally when there is inner conflict (Cognitive Dissonance). Real life confirms it. By creating sub-groups with simple and homogeneous outlooks, each sub-group gains clarity of purpose and a common sub-culture adaptable to ever-changing contexts. This arrangement frees individuals from the unrealistic expectation of excelling in all ways, all the time, every day.
  • Optimal controls: Built-in safeguards and controls Policies, job descriptions, systems, and processes—like those discussed with control-oriented treasuries—are designed to minimise the risk of large-scale fraud and errors. However, none of these can prevent collusion by people working with each other to invalidate the built-in safeguards. Separating people into distinct sub-functions creates natural psychological barriers. In-group and out-group dynamics, driven by unconscious biases and behaviours, make individuals less likely to be intimate enough to conspire across groups. The barriers reduce the chance of collusion. Psychological barriers work well. The bigger the treasury and the greater the risk, the more psychological barriers there will be (IBM, Dow Chemical).
  • Effective management: Checks and balances and managerial focus The finely balanced tensions created by having differently targeted sub-functions result in natural checks and balances that keep the activities of each sub-function controlled and productive – with less need for involvement by management. This organisational structure means managers don’t have to be experts at everything and don’t need to monitor all transactions at all times. It allows them to focus on setting objectives, handling exceptions, managing personnel and dealing with external stakeholders. Like their team members, they also do not need to be superhuman and excel at everything, at all times, every day.

The benefit of this organisational structure is that it enables a treasury operation to be effective and controlled despite the size of its operations and the need to operate in real-time. However, maintaining productivity and flexibility in real-time still requires efficient and clear communication across the sub-functions. Therefore, management must balance reducing operational risk and organisational effectiveness. The optimal structure will depend on the activities, target clients, required staffing and infrastructure involved.


Relevance to non-treasurers

Why do non-treasurers need this level of detail?

For two crucial reasons: Non-treasurers must understand that:

  1. Large organisations’ core activities produce significant, hard-to-predict cash flows and financial risks. Actively managing them controls them better and benefits the organisation more than passive management. With the right structure and skilled people, these functions do not endanger the organisation’s safety. Instead, they allow intelligent management of cashflow uncertainty and market fluctuations that the underlying organisation generates anyway. Non-treasurers in organisations should advocate for establishing strategic treasuries, knowing these can be set up to deliver value to their functions while remaining efficient and controlled.
  2. Not all treasuries described as strategic by treasurers and CFOs are structured to an acceptable standard. Non-treasurers – including CFOs – should be aware of and address this openly. Some treasuries may claim a “seat at the table,” but if they lack proper separation of duties and controls, as exemplified by the structure in Figure 2, or proper effectiveness, those are red flags. A treasury organised around the (unstated) assumption that individuals can handle any scenario or role at any time, at a moment’s notice, will sooner or later fail. This has happened before. ABB lost $73 million in Korea due to inadequate separation of duties. Siemens lost €38 million due to weak controls over its dealers.

Strategic treasuries don’t have a right to exist. They have to earn that right.

CFOs, boards, and risk committees must demand and ensure robust controls are in place. Sales, procurement, and other functions that rely on treasury support to provide their key business partners with services have a right to expect a well-structured function – robust and effective. Asking treasury to explain its role, processes, and controls – as part of due diligence on a key business partner – is sensible, good business practice.


Additional notes

Solvency optimisation and risk management (strategic profitability support)

You will have noticed that this article includes a lot about risk despite being about solvency optimisation (financing, investment and the like). Your observation is correct. The more sophisticated the borrowing or lending, the more need there is to manage risks. For example, a US company that usually borrows dollars in the US might want to borrow yen in Japan to reduce the likelihood of both borrowings being repayable simultaneously. They can do this but must, as a result, also manage the currency risk this increase in sophistication creates. Sophisticated solvency managing treasuries must also have sophisticated risk management. We’ll talk more about this in a later article.

Risk-aversion and strategic treasury benefits

The risks and controls mentioned above may seem daunting. It’s natural to feel concerned about complexity in non-core parts of the business, especially in areas outside one’s expertise. Most people fear potential losses more than they value potential gains. But consider this: Cash forecasts from non-treasury functions will always contain some degree of error. “It’s tough to make predictions, especially about the future,” as Yogi Berra said. As financial markets are constantly moving, organisations that don’t have experts to manage their cashflows and risks dynamically are, even if it’s unstated, relying on luck. Don’t trust lines like “On balance, the gains and losses even themselves out.” Relying on luck when 80% of companies that go out of business do so because of insolvency is unwise.

If you agree that intelligent management is needed, note further that professionals who aren’t allowed to apply their skills will lose them. A less sophisticated treasury with non-experts might fail to develop – or can lose – adequate internal controls, increasing the risks of fraud and error. ABB’s loss in Korea hints at this: the fraud occurred after the company’s restructuring due to asbestos-related losses – a restructuring that included the downsizing of its strategic treasury. While we can’t be sure this contributed to the loss of effective controls, we can be sure that a well-structured, skilled treasury with the right balance of personnel is better equipped to manage solvency and risks than one without.

Adaptability and role integration

Sometimes, a smaller volume of business may not justify a full complement of experts and specialists in separate sub-functions. Combining sub-functions can be done without increasing operational risk or reducing management effectiveness. The key is to ensure objectives remain simple and there is separation of duties. No one who initiates transactions (the ‘salespeople’ and ‘traders’) should also be part of or manage a function that checks them (the ‘back office’). With the internal controls hard-coded into even cheaper treasury systems nowadays, even a smaller treasury can be well-organised.

Efficiency and effectiveness

All non-treasurers, those directly benefitting from or responsible for strategic treasuries, and those indirectly connected to them (people in related functions like finance and IT, suppliers, consulting firms, conference organisers, training firms, associations of corporate treasurers, academics and more) will note that these complex organisations have a much greater need to be efficient – doing the things right, faster, cheaper and with fewer errors – and also to be effective – doing the right things and stopping doing the wrong ones. Each of these types of non-treasurers has a role to play in helping make this possible, ensuring the people in these treasuries have the skills, the technology and the infrastructure – and this is crucial – all in the correct ratio. We will discuss this in the next and many of the following articles. The non-treasurers’ roles are that important!

Implementation

Creating a strategic treasury is feasible for an organisation like Acme Manufacturing, which has a multi-billion-dollar turnover. The remaining question is whether stakeholders believe the organisation can implement a major change like this successfully. It’s a valid question. We’ve covered the techniques needed to implement successfully, including how to cross the chasm in “Crossing the Chasm (Part II)”. Any organisation with $ 2 BN or more in revenue with complex cashflows wishing to implement this type of treasury can do so. It’s a matter of thinking it through carefully before starting to implement – of looking before leaping.


Close and next article

This article has covered strategic treasuries, particularly strategic solvency-managing treasuries. It has covered:

• What they are

• Their advantages

• Their costs and benefits

• Examples

• The importance of having a well-designed organisational structure

• The link between sophisticated risk and solvency management

• More

The behaviours of people as individuals and in groups have been a constantly recurring theme. Compared to technical, infrastructural, process and governance, this aspect is not covered nearly well enough in real life. What I have seen makes me think that this inattention to peoples’ behaviours explains the majority of frauds, actual and opportunity losses, and the strategic ineffectiveness of many treasuries. We will talk more about this in articles on tactical treasuries.

Armed with this knowledge, you, the thought leader of Acme Manufacturing, can now compile descriptions of strategic solvency-managing treasuries to allow your fellow key stakeholders to compare them to operational treasuries.

This in-depth comparison will be done in the following article. It will include, for the first time, an in-depth analysis of the systems and skills that a sophisticated treasury needs to be successful.

Next article: Sophistication in Solvency Management (Part III – Operational vs Strategic Treasuries)

  1. Is Treasury a Strategic Function?
  1. What’s Treasury’s impact on business performance? (Part 1: Operational Treasuries)
  1. Treasury for Non-Treasurers: A Tale of two Operational Treasuries – Basic and Control-Oriented
  1. What’s Treasury’s impact on business performance? (Part 2: Strategic Treasuries)
  1. The Realities of Strategic Treasuries – Managing Complexity and Stakeholder Impact
  1. What’s Treasury impact on business performance? (Part 3: Tactical Treasuries)
  1. Treasury for Non-Treasurers: Crossing the Chasm (Part I)
  1. Treasury for Non-Treasurers: Crossing the Chasm (Part II)
  1. Treasury for Non-Treasurers: Sophistication in Solvency Management (Part I)
  1. Treasury for Non-Treasurers: Key insights from the 2nd of 9 articles to date – Is Treasury a Strategic Function?

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This article is written by Monkey

Cash flow management is critical for business success. Whether you’re a startup or an established company, implementing effective cash flow strategies can mean the difference between thriving and barely surviving in today’s competitive market.

This guide explores proven techniques to improve cash flow, recognize warning signs of cash problems, and build a stronger financial foundation for sustainable growth.

What Is Cash Flow?

Cash flow refers to the net amount of cash moving in and out of your business over a specific period. Understanding the difference between positive and negative cash flow is essential:

Positive Cash Flow: More money coming in than going out – your business can cover expenses and invest in growth.

Negative Cash Flow: Outflows exceed inflows – putting your business at risk of financial difficulties.

Important: Cash flow isn’t the same as profit. While profit reflects earnings after expenses, cash flow measures liquidity – how much actual money you have available to operate your business.

Why Cash Flow Management Matters

Healthy cash flow management allows your business to:

  • Pay operating expenses like rent, utilities, and payroll on time
  • Invest in growth opportunities such as marketing, equipment, or inventory
  • Build financial reserves to weather economic downturns
  • Reduce debt dependence for day-to-day operations
  • Take advantage of supplier discounts for early payments

Warning Signs of Cash Flow Problems

Recognize these red flags before they become critical issues:

  • Constantly delaying payments to suppliers
  • Struggling to make payroll on time
  • Heavy reliance on credit lines for daily expenses
  • Frequent overdraft fees or bounced checks
  • Difficulty securing new credit or loans

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s time to implement cash flow improvement strategies immediately.

7 Strategies to Improve Your Company’s Cash Flow

1. Streamline Your Accounts Receivable Process

Faster collections = better cash flow. Optimize your AR with these tactics:

Invoice Immediately: Send invoices the same day you deliver goods or services. Set Clear Payment Terms: Use specific terms like “net-30” or “2/10 net-30”

Offer Early Payment Discounts: 2% discount for payments within 10 days. Implement AR Factoring: Convert receivables to immediate cash (80-95% of invoice value). Automate Follow-ups: Use software to send payment reminders automatically

2. Negotiate Better Supplier Payment Terms

While collecting payments quickly, extend your own payment deadlines when possible:

  • Negotiate 45-60 day payment terms instead of 30 days
  • Request seasonal payment adjustments for cyclical businesses
  • Implement Supply Chain Finance programs so suppliers get paid early while you maintain extended terms
  • Take advantage of early payment discounts only when cash flow permits

3. Implement Cash Flow Forecasting

Proactive cash flow management requires regular monitoring and forecasting:

  • Create weekly cash flow projections for the next 13 weeks
  • Track seasonal patterns in your business
  • Identify potential cash shortfalls before they occur
  • Use cash flow management software like QuickBooks, Xero, or specialized tools

4. Cut Unnecessary Expenses

Review operating costs and eliminate waste without compromising quality:

Immediate Actions:

  • Cancel unused subscriptions and memberships
  • Renegotiate contracts with service providers
  • Outsource non-essential tasks instead of hiring full-time staff
  • Reduce office space or utilities costs

Ongoing Reviews:

  • Conduct monthly expense audits
  • Compare vendor pricing annually
  • Implement approval processes for discretionary spending

5. Optimize Inventory Management

Excess inventory ties up valuable cash. Implement these inventory optimization strategies: Just-in-Time (JIT) Ordering: Order stock as needed to minimize excess. ABC Analysis: Focus on managing high-value items more closely

Inventory Turnover Tracking: Monitor how quickly inventory sells. Seasonal Adjustments: Reduce slow-moving inventory before peak seasons

6. Review and Adjust Pricing Strategy

If cash flow issues stem from low profit margins, consider strategic price adjustments:

  • Market Analysis: Research competitor pricing and positioning
  • Value Assessment: Ensure pricing reflects the value you provide
  • Gradual Increases: Implement price changes in phases to minimize customer resistance
  • Communication Strategy: Clearly explain price changes to maintain customer relationships

7. Build a Cash Reserve Fund

Create a financial safety net for unexpected expenses or opportunities:

Target: 3-6 months of operating expenses in reserve. Strategy: Allocate 5-10% of monthly revenue to cash reserves. Investment: Keep reserves in high-yield savings or money market accounts. Access: Ensure funds are readily available when needed

Advanced Cash Flow Management Techniques

Supply Chain Finance Programs

Partner with financial institutions to offer early payment options to suppliers while maintaining extended payment terms for your business.

Dynamic Discounting

Use excess cash strategically by taking supplier discounts when cash flow is strong and skipping them when cash is tight.

Invoice Financing Solutions

Access multiple financing options including factoring, asset-based lending, and invoice financing to optimize cash flow timing.

Technology Solutions for Cash Flow Management

Cash Flow Management Software

  • QuickBooks: Integrated accounting and cash flow forecasting
  • Xero: Real-time cash flow tracking and reporting
  • Float: Specialized cash flow forecasting and scenario planning
  • PlanGuru: Advanced budgeting and cash flow modeling

Automated Payment Systems

  • ACH processing for faster, lower-cost transactions
  • Online payment portals for customer convenience
  • Mobile payment options to accelerate collections
  • Recurring billing automation for subscription businesses

Measuring Cash Flow Performance

Track these key metrics to monitor improvement:

Operating Cash Flow Ratio: Operating cash flow ÷ Current liabilities. Cash Flow Coverage Ratio: Operating cash flow ÷ Total debt payments. Free Cash Flow: Operating cash flow – Capital expenditures Days Cash on Hand: Cash and equivalents ÷ Daily operating expenses

Common Cash Flow Management Mistakes

Mistake 1: Focusing Only on Profit

Solution: Monitor both profitability and cash flow separately – they’re different metrics

Mistake 2: Inadequate Forecasting

Solution: Create rolling 13-week cash flow forecasts updated weekly

Mistake 3: Poor Customer Credit Policies

Solution: Implement credit checks and clear payment terms from the start

Mistake 4: Seasonal Planning Failures

Solution: Plan for seasonal fluctuations and build cash reserves during peak periods

Take Action to Improve Your Cash Flow

Effective cash flow management isn’t just about balancing the books – it’s about creating a solid foundation for business growth and sustainability.

Start today by:

  1. Analyzing your current cash flow patterns
  2. Implementing AR and AP optimization strategies
  3. Setting up cash flow forecasting processes
  4. Building emergency cash reserves

Remember: Small improvements in cash flow timing can have dramatic impacts on your business’s financial health and growth potential.

Ready to transform your cash flow management? The combination of strategic processes, technology solutions, and proactive planning will give you the financial control needed to grow your business confidently.

Also Read

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Treasury Mastermind is a community of professionals working in treasury management or those interested in learning more about various topics related to treasury management, including cash management, foreign exchange management, and payments. Click below to register and connect with Treasury professionals worldwide

From Treasury Masterminds

Based on a Treasury Masterminds webinar featuring Bojan BelejkovskI, Board Member at Treasury Masterminds, and Charles Brough, VP Global Head of Account Management at SAP Taulia. Moderated by Patrick Kunz.

Recordings on Spotify and YouTube:

Unlocking Liquidity: Why Working Capital Is Everyone’s Problem

Working capital is one of those topics that every company talks about, but few companies truly own.

It sounds simple enough. Improve receivables. Optimise payables. Reduce trapped cash. Create more visibility. Free up liquidity.

In practice, it is rarely that clean.

Working capital does not sit neatly inside one department. Treasury sees the cash impact, procurement negotiates supplier terms, sales agrees customer terms, finance manages the accounting, operations influences execution. Everyone touches it, yet ownership is often unclear.

That was one of the key themes in our Treasury Masterminds webinar, “Unlocking Liquidity: Flexible Working Capital Strategies”, with Bojan Belejkovski, Treasury Masterminds board member, and Charles Smith from SAP Taulia.

As Patrick said during the session:

“There is no working capital department and there will never be a working capital department. Collaboration is the key.”

That may sound obvious, but it is often exactly where working capital initiatives fail.

Treasury Sees The Impact

Treasury is usually close to the numbers. It sees the cash flow forecast, the bank balances, the liquidity gaps, the funding needs and the impact of payment behaviour.

Bojan described treasury’s role very clearly:

“Treasury owns the measurement and the consequence of working capital, even when it doesn’t own the levers themselves.”

That is the uncomfortable truth.

Treasury can see that DSO is moving in the wrong direction. It can see when supplier terms create liquidity pressure. It can see when cash is trapped in entities or countries. It can also see when the forecast does not match reality.

But treasury does not always control the decisions that create the problem.

Sales may agree to extended payment terms to close a deal. Procurement may negotiate supplier terms without considering the full cash impact. Business units may sit on cash locally. By the time treasury is involved, the decision has often already been made.

Bojan put it even sharper:

“Treasury is often the last function to find out and the first one to be asked to fix something.”

Many treasurers will recognise that sentence immediately.

Visibility Comes First

Before companies can improve working capital, they need to understand where liquidity is stuck.

Charles made that point early in the discussion:

“If you don’t have visibility, you can’t actually take any action, and you can’t improve from where you are today.”

This is where many organisations still struggle.

They may have data in ERP systems, TMS platforms, spreadsheets, bank portals and local reports. The information exists, but it is fragmented. By the time it is collected, cleaned and discussed, the opportunity may already have moved.

That lack of visibility makes it difficult to answer basic questions.

  • Which customers are paying late?
  • Which suppliers are being paid too early?
  • Where is cash trapped?
  • Which payment terms are inconsistent?
  • Where is the biggest liquidity opportunity?

Without answers to those questions, working capital management becomes guesswork. And guesswork is not a strategy, even if someone puts it in PowerPoint.

Receivables Are Often Under-Owned

One of the most interesting parts of the webinar was the discussion about receivables.

When asked where he would focus first, Bojan did not hesitate.

“If I can fix one tomorrow, it’s going to be receivables.”

His reason was simple. Receivables are often under-owned.

Sales is focused on revenue. Credit is focused on risk. Finance is focused on accounting. Treasury is focused on cash. All of them have a role, but that does not automatically create ownership.

Or as Bojan said:

“Everyone touches receivables. No one owns it.”

That is a big issue.

A company can have a strong sales performance and still struggle with cash collection. It can have good revenue growth while liquidity gets stuck in overdue invoices. It can have a strong pipeline, while treasury is forced to deal with the cash gap.

Receivables are also messy. Customer behaviour changes. Billing data is not always clean. Collection processes are not always consistent. Commercial teams do not always want to have uncomfortable conversations with customers.

That is why receivables deserve more attention from treasury.

Not because treasury should suddenly become the collections department, nobody needs that tragedy, but because treasury can help quantify the cash impact, highlight the risk and bring the right teams together.

Supply Chain Finance Is Not Free Money

Supply chain finance was another important topic in the discussion.

It is sometimes presented as a simple liquidity tool. Extend payment terms, offer suppliers early payment, unlock cash. Done.

Reality is more nuanced.

Charles explained it well:

“The primary value of supply chain finance is as a negotiation tool.”

That is an important distinction.

A good supply chain finance programme is not just about creating liquidity for the buyer. It can also support suppliers by giving them access to financing at better rates than they could achieve on their own.

For the buyer, it creates flexibility. For the supplier, it can reduce cash flow pressure. For procurement, it becomes part of the broader supplier relationship.

That also means success depends on adoption.

Charles made another practical point:

“It’s not just about the rate. The supplier experience matters just as much.”

If the programme is difficult to use, suppliers will not adopt it. If procurement is not involved, it will not scale. If treasury builds the programme in isolation, it risks becoming a nice technical solution that nobody actually uses.

Bojan was clear on this as well:

“The programs that scale are the ones where procurement and treasury are genuinely aligned on day one.”

That is probably one of the most practical lessons for any company considering supply chain finance.

Do not start with the technology.

Start with alignment.

Treasury Needs to Be in the Room Earlier

Working capital cannot be managed properly if treasury only joins at the end of the process.

Bojan captured this perfectly:

“You can’t drive strategy from the end of the process.”

If customer terms are agreed without treasury input, the cash impact becomes treasury’s problem later. If supplier terms are negotiated without considering liquidity, treasury has to manage the consequences. If local entities hold excess cash without group visibility, treasury has to work around the structure.

The companies that do this better involve treasury earlier.

Bojan explained:

“The companies where treasury drives working capital have given treasury a seat early and with a mandate.”

That mandate matters.

Treasury should not be there just to report the outcome. It should help the business understand the cash effect of decisions before those decisions are made. This does not mean treasury needs to own sales, procurement or operations. It does mean treasury should be part of the conversation when payment terms, financing structures and liquidity trade-offs are discussed.

Automation Before AI

Naturally, AI came up during the webinar. It always does now. Mention treasury technology in 2026 and AI enters the room like it owns the building.

But the discussion was refreshingly practical.

AI is not the first step.

As Patrick said during the session:

“AI is not step one. It’s often step three or four.”

Before AI can add real value, companies need visibility, automation and clean data. If the underlying data is poor, the output will be poor as well. AI does not magically fix broken processes. It just makes bad data look more confident.

Charles described the role of technology around three themes: visibility, scalability and automation.

Automation removes manual work. It makes receivables finance more scalable. It supports reconciliation. It helps treasury teams manage more with fewer resources.

Only after that foundation is in place does AI become truly useful.

Charles summarised the right mindset clearly:

“People direct. AI executes.”

That is the point.

AI should help treasury professionals gather information faster, analyse patterns and support better decisions. It should not replace judgment.

For small treasury teams, this can be powerful. Less time spent collecting data. More time spent using it.

Real Value or Balance Sheet Cosmetics?

Towards the end of the webinar, we discussed a more provocative question.

Are working capital programmes real liquidity improvements, or are they sometimes just balance sheet cosmetics?

The honest answer is: both can happen.

Some programmes are used around reporting dates to improve metrics temporarily. That may look good on paper, but it does not necessarily improve the underlying business.

Bojan was clear about that risk:

“Cosmetics are real, but they shouldn’t be the reason why you did the program.”

A well-run working capital programme should create repeatable value. It should improve liquidity, reduce funding pressure, strengthen supplier or customer relationships and give the company more flexibility.

Charles brought the discussion back to one key metric: the internal cost of cash.

If a company understands its true cost of cash, it can make better decisions about early payment discounts, supplier financing, receivables finance and liquidity trade-offs.

That is when working capital moves from cosmetic reporting to real value creation.

Final Thought

Working capital is not just a treasury topic: It is a business topic.

Treasury may see the problem first, but it cannot solve it alone. The real value comes when treasury, procurement, sales, finance and operations work from the same playbook.

That requires visibility.

It requires shared ownership.

It requires technology that supports the process.

And most importantly, it requires treasury to be involved before the problem lands in the cash forecast.

Working capital is often described as hidden liquidity. That is true. But in many companies, the liquidity is not just hidden in receivables, payables or trapped cash.

It is hidden between departments.

Also Read

Join our Treasury Community

Treasury Mastermind is a community of professionals working in treasury management or those interested in learning more about various topics related to treasury management, including cash management, foreign exchange management, and payments. To register and connect with Treasury professionals, click [HERE] or fill out the form below to get more information.

This article is written by TreasuryCube

From back-office function to strategic powerhouse: How modern treasury departments are reshaping corporate finance

The Strategic Evolution of Treasury

Corporate treasury has undergone a remarkable metamorphosis. Once relegated to the shadows of financial management—handling cash, monitoring liquidity, and mitigating basic risks—treasury has emerged as a critical strategic partner driving organizational success. This evolution isn’t merely an upgrade; it’s a complete reimagining of what treasury can and should deliver.

Today’s treasurers sit at the nexus of strategic decision-making, armed with real-time insights, predictive capabilities, and technological prowess that was unimaginable just a decade ago. As CFOs face mounting pressure to deliver value beyond traditional finance functions, treasurers have stepped up to become indispensable strategic advisors.

Why Treasury Transformation Is Non-Negotiable

Organizations hesitating to modernize their treasury functions face existential risks in today’s volatile business landscape:

  • Competitive disadvantage: Companies with outdated treasury capabilities operate with significant blind spots, making them vulnerable to more agile competitors.
  • Value erosion: Every day of operating with legacy systems translates to missed opportunities for working capital optimization, cost reduction, and value creation.
  • Strategic irrelevance: Treasury departments that fail to evolve become tactical executors rather than strategic enablers—precisely when businesses need financial leadership most.

As one Fortune 500 treasurer recently noted: “Our transformation journey wasn’t optional. It was either evolve or become obsolete.”

The Driving Forces Reshaping Treasury

1. Digital Revolution and Intelligent Automation

The marriage of digital technologies with treasury operations has created unprecedented efficiencies. AI and ML algorithms now predict cash positions with remarkable accuracy, while RPA has eliminated manual processes that once consumed thousands of labor hours annually.

Consider the impact: One global manufacturer reduced payment processing time by 87% through intelligent automation, freeing their treasury team to focus on strategic initiatives that generated over $12M in additional working capital.

2. TreasuryCube: Revolutionizing Treasury Management

Treasury transformation has been significantly advanced by innovative TMS providers like TreasuryCube. As a comprehensive corporate treasury management software, TreasuryCube helps companies manage their cash, liquidity, risk, and investments with exceptional efficiency. Built on the latest .NET framework and utilizing web assembly technology, this SaaS platform offers:

  • Real-time cash visibility and forecasting: Enabling accurate cash flow positioning by analyzing historical data and trends for informed decision-making
  • Seamless integration: Offering custom connections to both internal (ERP, AP, AR) and external (banks, market data providers) systems
  • In-house banking capabilities: Providing payment hub functionality that transforms manual processes into automated workflows for group companies
  • Intercompany netting: Simplifying the complex tasks of accounting and treasury teams by providing clear transaction trails for consolidation
  • Advanced bank reconciliation: Automatically analyzing and matching bank account transactions with corresponding system cash flows

3. Advanced Data Analytics and Real-Time Intelligence

The explosion of financial data has transformed treasurers from backward-looking reporters to forward-thinking strategists. Advanced predictive models now forecast cash positions with precision while identifying anomalies that might signal fraud or operational issues.

Real-time dashboards have replaced monthly reports, enabling treasurers to:

  • Immediately identify liquidity shortfalls before they impact operations
  • Capitalize on short-term investment opportunities within minutes
  • Adjust hedging strategies in response to market movements as they happen

TreasuryCube exemplifies this trend with its comprehensive reporting and analytics capabilities, including customizable dashboards and automated report generation that enable companies to monitor financial performance, identify trends, and make data-driven decisions.

4. Global Complexity and Regulatory Precision

As regulatory frameworks grow increasingly complex—from Basel III to IFRS 9 to expanding ESG mandates—treasurers have evolved sophisticated compliance capabilities. Treasury transformation has enabled organizations to navigate this complexity with remarkable precision.

Modern treasury management systems like TreasuryCube ensure adherence to internal and external regulatory requirements, such as anti-money laundering (AML) and know-your-customer (KYC) guidelines, while incorporating robust security measures to protect sensitive financial data.

5. Sustainability Integration

ESG considerations have moved from peripheral concerns to central treasury priorities. Forward-thinking treasurers are now:

  • Structuring green bonds and sustainability-linked loans
  • Developing carbon-adjusted financial metrics
  • Integrating climate risk into financial planning models
  • Creating sustainable investment frameworks that align with corporate values

The Next Frontier: Treasury Innovation

1. Cloud-Native Treasury Ecosystems

The migration to cloud-based treasury management systems represents more than a technology shift—it’s a fundamental reimagining of how treasury functions operate. TreasuryCube embodies this evolution as a genuine multi-tenant Software-as-a-Service platform that offers:

  • Continuous innovation through automatic updates
  • Seamless scalability during business expansion or acquisition
  • Geographic flexibility enabling true global operations
  • Enhanced collaboration across finance functions

As a cloud-native solution, TreasuryCube eliminates the need for extensive implementation timelines with highly configurable workflows and prebuilt master data upload capabilities, reducing consulting and implementation hours significantly.

2. API-Powered Financial Networks

The API revolution has unleashed unprecedented connectivity between treasury systems, banking partners, and third-party platforms. TreasuryCube leverages this technology with custom connections to both internal and external data sources, ensuring that no matter which solutions or services a company utilizes, their data is always available for visualization, analysis, and reporting.

This connectivity enables:

  • Elimination of batch processing in favor of real-time data flows
  • Instant visibility into global cash positions
  • Automated reconciliation processes that once took days
  • Flexible, adaptable connections across the financial value chain

3. Quantum-Level Security

As treasury operations digitalize, cybersecurity has evolved from IT concern to treasury imperative. Leading treasury management systems like TreasuryCube utilize enterprise-grade security measures, including:

  • Secure messaging via SWIFT, CAMT (ISO 2002 compliant XML format), and BAI formats
  • Advanced firewalls and endpoint security through partnerships with industry leaders
  • Sophisticated encryption protocols for payment systems
  • Robust authorization workflows with multi-layer approval processes

4. Working Capital as Strategic Advantage

Innovative treasurers have transformed working capital management from a financial necessity to a competitive advantage. TreasuryCube enhances this capability by optimizing receivables, payables, and inventory management through:

  • Dynamic supplier financing programs that optimize both buyer and supplier benefits
  • Streamlined workflows for bank reconciliation that expedite book closing processes
  • Intercompany netting that reduces complexity and costs in managing multi-currency transactions
  • Advanced matching logic for bank account transactions that eliminates manual reconciliation

5. Strategic FinTech Integration

The relationship between corporate treasury and FinTech has evolved from competitive to collaborative. TreasuryCube exemplifies this trend by delivering specialized financial software development services that create secure and reliable IT ecosystems for treasury departments.

This approach enables treasurers to:

  • Embed specialized financial solutions within their treasury ecosystems
  • Benefit from industry-specific expertise in financial technology implementation
  • Leverage FinTech innovations to enter new markets and create new business models
  • Access rapid implementation and cost-efficient maintenance

6. The Treasury Talent Revolution

Perhaps most significantly, the profile of treasury professionals has fundamentally changed. Today’s high-performing treasury teams blend:

  • Financial expertise with technological fluency
  • Analytical rigor with strategic vision
  • Risk management discipline with innovation mindset
  • Deep specialist knowledge with cross-functional understanding

TreasuryCube supports this evolution by providing intuitive, user-friendly interfaces that are built on modern technology frameworks, enabling treasury professionals to focus on strategic activities rather than manual processes.

The Future Treasury: Strategic Command Center

The trajectory is clear: tomorrow’s treasury function will serve as the strategic command center for organizational financial performance. With solutions like TreasuryCube leading the way, we can expect:

  • Enhanced integration between treasury management systems and broader financial ecosystems
  • Greater automation of routine treasury tasks, allowing teams to focus on strategic initiatives
  • More sophisticated cash forecasting capabilities leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning
  • Expanded in-house banking capabilities that centralize global payments and receivables
  • Deeper integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations into treasury operations

As TreasuryCube’s approach demonstrates, this evolution is not just about technological advancement—it’s about empowering financial decisions with real-time insights and seamless automation that drives business value.

Conclusion: From Transformation to Transcendence

Corporate treasury transformation represents more than modernization—it signifies the transcendence of traditional financial boundaries. The treasury function is evolving from a processing center to a value creator, from a risk mitigator to an opportunity enabler, from a cost center to a strategic advantage.

Advanced treasury management systems like TreasuryCube are at the forefront of this evolution, providing the technological foundation that enables treasurers to deliver strategic impact. With features ranging from cash flow positioning and forecasting to intercompany netting and seamless accounting integration, these systems are redefining how treasury departments operate.

Organizations that embrace this transformation journey position themselves not just for financial efficiency but for market leadership. In a business environment characterized by volatility and disruption, a transformed treasury function—supported by innovative technology solutions—becomes the financial north star, guiding the organization through uncertainty with clarity, confidence, and strategic purpose.

The question is no longer whether treasury transformation is necessary, but whether your organization will lead or follow in the race to reimagine what treasury can achieve.

Also Read

Join our Treasury Community

Treasury Masterminds is a community of professionals working in treasury management and those interested in learning more about topics such as cash management, foreign exchange management, and payments. To register and connect with Treasury professionals, click [HERE] or fill out the form below to get more information.